重要厂用水系统设计水温对冷链换热器热工设计的影响分析

核电厂重要厂用水系统设计水温（TSEC）是影响冷链换热器热工设计的重要参数，随着TSEC的增大，冷链换热器的热工设计工况趋于恶劣，导致换热面积和设备尺寸逐渐增大。本文以冷链换热器的典型热工设计工况为设计输入，针对不同的TSEC，采用热混合设计方法，得到了对应TSEC下的冷链换热器板片方案。分析了冷链换热器总通道数量、流道占比、总传热系数随TSEC的变化情况，发现对于特定的热工设计工况，冷链换热器只能在一定的TSEC范围内实现压降和换热裕量的完全匹配，且存在一个临界温度，当TSEC高于该温度后，板片数量会迅速增大，应尽量避免TSEC高于该临界温度。      

环境设计专业学习空间设计探析--以教室改造的参与式设计为例

学习空间的设计必须基于教育理念、学习模式、技术设施与精神氛围等因素展开,以更开放、灵活及多样化的有趣形态来吸引使用者。对于已掌握基本设计方法并具有一定设计思维的环境设计专业学生而言,设计与自身学习行为关联的学习空间,能体现"参与式设计"的特殊意义:即一方面以有着直观体验感受的熟悉空间作为训练案例来有效地整合设计能力;另一方面则通过用户与设计者身份的叠加,从使用者体验一维到对空间发展的专业预设考虑一维共同实现学习空间设计理念的更新。     

践行社会责任开展线上公益主题海报设计教育实践——苏州大学师生抗击疫情公益海报创作纪实

从践行社会责任的设计教育工作人才培养目标出发,在疫情期间,组织学生,深入了解社会生活的工艺诉求,通过线上线下的教学模式,指导学生创作抗击疫情公益海报。这种融入网络远程教学与实践教育的活动,不仅提升了学生的社会责任感,激活了假期课堂模式,而且提升了学生设计实践能力,实现了“立德树人”的人才培养目标。     

Exploring design trade-offs for achieving social inclusion in multi-tiered design problems

ABSTRACT

The digital age of the future is ‘not out there to be discovered’, but it needs to be ‘designed’. The design challenge has to address questions about how we want to live, work, and learn (as individuals and as communities) and what we value and appreciate, e.g.: reflecting on quality of life and creating inclusive societies. An overriding design trade-off for the digital age is whether new developments will increase the digital divide or will create more inclusive societies. Sustaining inclusive societies means allowing people of all ages and all abilities to exploit information technologies for personally meaningful activities. Meta-design fosters the design of socio-technical environments that end-user developers can modify and evolve at use time to improve their quality of life and favour their inclusion in the society. This paper describes three case studies in the domain of assistive technologies in which end users themselves cannot act as end-user developers, but someone else (e.g.: a caregiver or a clinician) must accept this role requiring multi-tiered architectures. The design trade-offs and requirements for meta-design identified in the context of the case studies and other researchers’ projects are described to inform the development of future socio-technical environments focused on social inclusion.     

垂直冲击试验机的研制

为满足简便检测塑料产品抗冲击强度的需求,研制了垂直冲击试验机。对垂直冲击试验机的结构进行了设计,基于力学原理进行了受力计算,并对工作原理与相对基准设定问题进行了分析。介绍了垂直冲击试验机的操作方法,并进行了规格校验。     

Origin of superior dielectric and piezoelectric properties in 0.4Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.6(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 at intermediate grain sizes

Grain size effect is one of the most important issues to develop next-generation multilayer microdevices. In this work, the tetragonal 0.4Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃–0.6(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ (BZT–60BCT) ceramics with a wide grain size from 2.1 to 24 μm were successfully prepared by using ultrafine nano powder and two-step sintering. The results demonstrate that critical/intermediate grain size of dielectric constant ε_r and piezoelectric constant d₃₃ appears at ∼12.9 μm. It was found that the presence of large lattice tetragonality, and enhanced domain wall motion induced by domain coexistence between submicron and nano size in sample with a grain size of ∼12.9 μm, resulting in the superior dielectric and piezoelectric properties. These findings and analyses of the origin of superior dielectric and piezoelectric properties at intermediate grain size have important practical implications in the design of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics.     

Influence of domain switching process on the electrical fatigue behavior of ferroelectrics

We report an experimental approach, designed based on the recent findings that domain switching in ferroelectric ceramics can be separated into three regimes during antiparallel electric field loading, to investigate the influence of domain switching process on the electrical fatigue behavior of ferroelectrics. Uniaxial compressive stress (−2 MPã -100 MPa) and thermal loading (20 °C–150 °C) were used to tune the domain switching process. Under the same loading condition, the bipolar electrical fatigue behavior of soft lead zirconate titanate ceramics was systematically characterized. The amplitude and frequency of the applied electric field are 2 kV/mm and 10 Hz, respectively. By analyzing the evolution of the domain switching process, combined with the measured polarization and strain response, as well as the cracks observed on the surface of the specimen, it is found that the fatigue of ferroelectric ceramics was mainly related to the domain switching process near the coercive electric field: the regime 2 defined in this paper. The underlying mechanism was further discussed by considering the interplay between the domain switching process with the main factors affecting the electrical fatigue of ferroelectrics, namely defect redistribution, charge carrier injection, and crack initiation.     

Using color–odor correspondences for fragrance packaging design

Fragrance companies may use colors in packaging design to communicate the properties of their fragrances. Packages with matching colors may have an additional advantage: some studies suggest that consumers prefer offerings for which all sensory impressions are congruent. Hence, we investigated whether consumers are more likely to buy fragrances with a matching package.For five fragrances we created a package, based on a harmonious combination of three colors that obtained high odor–color goodness-of fit ratings in a previous study. Packages were identical in design, except for the colors used. The appropriateness ratings for the five packages were indeed found to be related to the ratings for its major colors.Subsequently, we assessed the degree to which participants were likely to buy different fragrance–package combinations. However, buying intentions were not affected by the degree of matching between fragrance and packaging. Instead, they were typically dependent on the degree of liking for the fragrance and, to a lesser extent, on the degree of liking for the package.     

An experimental study of adaptive control for evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, we investigate how adaptive operator selection techniques are able to efficiently manage the balance between exploration and exploitation in an evolutionary algorithm, when solving combinatorial optimization problems. We introduce new high level reactive search strategies based on a generic algorithm's controller that is able to schedule the basic variation operators of the evolutionary algorithm, according to the observed state of the search. Our experiments on SAT instances show that reactive search strategies improve the performance of the solving algorithm.